Text

Ebook: Growth, Development jnd Behavior Chapter

---

PSYCHOLOGIC INFLUENCES: ATTACHMENT AND CONTINGENCY. The influence of the child-rearing environment dominates most current models of development. Infants in hospitals and orphan- ages, devoid of opportunities for attachment, have severe devel- opmental deficits. Attachment refers to a biologically determined tendency of a young child to seek proximity to the parent during times of stress and also to the relationship that allows securely attached children to use their parents to re-establish a sense of well-being after a stressful experience. Insecure attachment may be predictive of later behavioral and learning problems. At all stages of development, children progress optimally when they have adult caregivers who pay attention to their verbal and nonverbal cues and respond accordingly. In early infancy, such contingent responsiveness to signs of overarousal or underarousal helps maintain infants in a state of quiet alertness and fosters autonomic self-regulation. Contingent responses (reinforcement depending on the behavior of the other) to nonverbal gestures create the groundwork for the shared attention and reciprocity that are critical for later language and social development. Chil- dren learn best when new challenges are just slightly harder than what they have already mastered, a degree of difficulty dubbed the "zone of proximal development." Psychologic forces, such as attention problems or mood disorders, will have profound effects on the older child's other activities.

---

Ketersediaan

Tidak ada salinan data

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Untuk Baca FULL TEXT di Perpustakaan FKIK UINAM

No. Panggil

Ebook

Penerbit

: .,

Deskripsi Fisik

-

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

-

Klasifikasi

NONE

Tipe Isi

-

Tipe Media

-

Tipe Pembawa

-

Edisi

-

Subjek

-

Info Detail Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Apriliyanti

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

Komentar

---

Anda harus masuk sebelum memberikan komentar