The trend in all surgical disciplines has been toward nonoperative or minimally
invasive treatment. Endourology, which began with the development of cystoscopy,
now encompasses all minimally invasive techniques including urologic
laparoscopy, creating new horizons in endourology. Endourooncology, the
merging of endourology and oncology, is one of the most challenging and rapidly
evolving areas in urology practice and will revolutionize our a