Gastroenterological problems encompass the entire range of pathology, including neoplasm,
infection, inflammation, immunological
disorders, biochemical, metabolic and congenital
conditions, and disorders of unknown cause.
In addition, approximately one-third of the
gastrointestinal symptoms of outpatients have no
identifiable structural, infective, or biochemical
disorder present – they appear as ‘functional
disorders’. Within such disorders, psychological
or social factors may be primarily responsible.
Identification and correct management depends on accurate history taking, clinical examination, and specialist investigations.