AbstractExposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) during sensitive developmental windows can inter-fere with cognitive function and behavior, which are critical components of neurodevelopment. The association between developmental exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment has been extensively studied using animal models. In this review, we focus on the accumulating evidence in humans. Despite methodologic, geographic, and temporal differences between studies, the majority of the epidemiologic evidence supports that early-life exposure to PBDEs measured during pregnancy and/or during childhood is detrimental to child neurodevelopment in domains related to child behavior, cog nition, and motor skills. While the precise mechanism of action of PBDEs on neurodevelopment is unknown, PBDE-induced neurotoxicity via thyroid hormone disruption and direct action of PBDEs on the developing brain have been proposed and tested. Additional studies are suggested to better understand how early-life and/or childhood PBDE exposures, including exposure to specific PBDE congeners, impact neurodevelopmental indices. Keywords Polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Neurodevelopment.Epidemiology. Perinatal. Developmental exposure