AbstractThe article presents a framework for understanding the relationship between community garden participation, and the myriad ways gardens and participation lead to emotional, social, and health impacts. Existing empirical research relating community gardens to health behaviors, such as physical ac tivity and diet, and longer-term chronic disease-related out-comes is summarized. The research areas discussed include the effects of community garden participation on individual, social, emotional, and environmental processes; health behav-iors including diet and physical activity; and health outcomes such as self-rated health, obesity, and mental health. Other mechanisms through which community gardens may affect population health are described. Applying a multitheoretical lens to explore associations between community garden par ticipation and health enables us to delineate key aspects of gardening that elicit positive health behaviors and multifacto-rial health assets that could be applied to designing other types of health interventions. KeywordsGardening. Community gardens.Health. Diet. Physical activity.Neighborhood