AbstractNearly half of all seafood consumed globally comes from aquaculture, a method of food production that has expanded rapidly in recent years. Increasing seafood consumption has been proposed as part of a strategy to combat the current non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic, but public health, environmental, social, and production chal-lenges related to certain types of aquaculture production must be addressed. Resolving these complicated human health and ecologic trade-offs requires systems thinking and collabora-tion across many fields; the One Health concept is an integra-tive approach that brings veterinary and human health experts together to combat zoonotic disease.We propose applying and expanding the One Health approach to facilitate collaboration among stake holders focused on increasing consumption of seafood and expanding aquaculture production, using methods that minimize risks to public health, animal health, and ecology. This expanded application of One Health may also have relevance to other complex systems with similar trade-offs. Keywords Aquaculture. Environment. Fish. Fishmeal. Fish oil.Health.n-3 PUFA. Non-communicable diseases. Nutrition.Public health.Seafood