AbstractThis paper examines how current understandings of childhood participation and motor development provide opportunities for using new technologies (such as virtual real-ity—VR) for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is used to conceptualize the role of tech-nology in treatment across body structures and body function, activity performance, and participation (WHO2007, 2012). First, we review the particular motor control and learning mechanisms that have been implicated in children with atyp-ical motor development, like DCD. This section will highlight avenues for targeted remediation. Next, VR-based rehabilita-tion systems are reviewed in relation to neurodevelopmental disorders, focusing first on CP and second on more recent applications for childrenwithDCD.We describe the evolution of particular design innovations in virtual rehabilitation in-cluding recent advances using tangible interfaces, as well as other methods targeting cognitive function more specifically. Benefits of these various treatments will be viewed through the lens of current theory and evaluated at the level of child and family outcomes. Finally, we consider the broader aspects of the potential for technological innovation in rehabilitation and its impact on brain function, activity competence, and longer-term participation.