AbstractDisorders of speech and language arise out of a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and neural factors. Little is understood about the neural bases of these disorders. Here we systematically reviewed neuroimaging findings in Speech disorders (SD) and Language disorders (LD) over the last five years (2008–2013; 10 articles). In participants with SD, structural and functional anomalies in the left supramarginal gyrus suggest a possible deficit in
sensory feedback or integration. In LD, cortical and subcorti-cal anomalies were reported in a widespread language net-work, with little consistency across studies except in the superior temporal gyri. In summary, both functional and structural anomalies are associatedwithLDand SD, including greater activity and volumes relative to controls. The variabil-ity in neuroimaging approach and heterogeneity within and across participant samples restricts our full understanding of the neurobiology of these conditions—reducing the potential for devising novel interventions targeted at the underlying pathology. KeywordsSpeech disorder. Language disorder.Specific language impairment.Speech delay. Speech sound errors. Childhood apraxia of speech. Motor speech disorder. MRI. FunctionalMRI. Diffusion-weightedMRI. Communications disorders.Childhood