Summary Eczemas represent the most common non-commu-nicable inammatory skin diseases. Eczema is a non-contagious epidermo-dermitis with typical clinical (redness, scaling, oozing, crusting, licheni-cation and itch) and dermatohistological (acantho-sis, parakeratosis, spongiosis, lymphocytic inl-trates) signs. Eczema mostly occurs on the basis of hypersensitivity. In a simple classication, eczema can be dierentiated into contact eczema (irritative toxic, allergic), atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis),
seborrheic eczema, nummular eczema and others. Eczema can also be classied according to elicitors (e.g. nickel eczema, chromate eczema) or localiza-tion (e.g. eyelid eczema, leg eczema etc.). ere is a gap between the progress in pathophysiological un-derstanding of the deviated immune response and the practical management in everyday clinics. At the moment there is not yet a targeted treatment with biologics as is available for psoriasis. However, with anti-IL4 receptor antagonists there is hope on
the horizon.