Abstract To comment on the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of the septate uterus, with special reference to hys-teroscopicmetroplasty and its effect on reproductive outcome, we searched publications in PubMed and Embase. Original articles, meta-analysis, reviews, and opinion articles were selected. The studies suggest that the prevalence of the septate uterus is increased in women with repeated pregnancy loss
and infertility. Reliable diagnosis depends on accurate assess-ment of the uterine fundal contour and uterine cavity bymeans of magnetic resonance and three-dimensional ultrasound. Per-tinent published data comparing pregnancy outcome before and after hysteroscopic metroplasty indicated a marked im-provement after surgery. Magnetic resonance and three-dimensional ultrasound represent the gold standard for diag-nosis of septate uterus. Hysteroscopic metroplasty with its simplicity, minimal postoperative sequelae, and improved reproductive outcome is the gold standard for treatment, not
only in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and premature labor but also in patients with infertility, especially if in vitro fertilization is being contemplated